Sains Malaysiana 53(5)(2024): 1055-1065

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5305-07

Carrier Based Liquid Bioformulation of Salt-Tolerant PGPR Bacillus species for Prolonged Survivability

(Bioformulasi Cecair Berasaskan Pembawa PGPR Spesies Bacillus Toleransi Garam untuk Kemandirian Berpanjangan)

SAYMA SERINE CHOMPA¹, ALI TAN KEE ZUAN^1,*, ADIBAH MOHD AMIN¹, TAN GEOK HUN¹, AMIR HAMZAH AHMAD GHAZALI², BURAQ MUSA SADEQ¹, AMAILY AKTER¹, MD EKHLASUR RAHMAN^1,3, HARUN OR RASHID⁴ & ABBA NABAYI^1,5

¹Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

²School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia

³Divisional Laboratory, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Farmgate, Soil Resource Development Institute, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh

⁴Department of Modern Language & Communications, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

⁵Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Dutse (FUD), Nigeria. PMB 7156, Ibrahim Aliyu bye-pass Jigawa state, Nigeria

Received: 10 April 2023/Accepted: 27 March 2024

Abstract

Salinity has emerged as one of the agricultural plants' most severe environmental stresses. Recently, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is being touted as a means of solving yield and environmental issues worldwide. However, multi-strain salt-tolerant rhizobacteria have a short shelf life due to their structural and cellular components, therefore, they need to be supplemented with a liquid carrier material to serve as a shelter and energy source for the bacteria for longer survival. The present study has been undertaken to develop a liquid biofertilizer formulation from multi-strain salt-tolerant PGPR – UPMR, UPMRE6, and a mixed strain of UPMRB9 and UPMRE6 using an optimum amount of cell protectants, namely glycerol (5 mM), trehalose (10 mM), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) at 1%. The shelf-life was assessed through measurements of optical density and bacterial biomass to determine the bacterial population and growth trend at monthly intervals. After three months of incubation, the optical density was the highest in the mixed strain treatment supplemented with trehalose with 1.3% and 2.2% increase relative to the UPMRE6 and UPMRB9, respectively, using the same cell protectants. Similarly, bacterial biomass production was the highest in the mixed strains treatment amended with trehalose (0.025 g/mL), with 13.64% and 38.89% increment followed by UPMRE6 and UPMRB9, respectively. Irrespective of the type of protectants used and PGPR type, the optical density and bacterial biomass generally decreased long incubation period. The results demonstrated that the use of 10 mM trehalose has the potential to extend the bacterial shelf life with the slightest cell loss.

Keywords: Additives; bioformulation; plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria; salinity; shelf-life

Abstrak

Kemasinan telah menjadi salah satu tekanan alam sekitar yang paling teruk bagi tanaman pertanian. Sejak kebelakangan ini, rhizobakteria penggalak pertumbuhan tumbuhan (PGPR) digembar-gemburkan sebagai penyelesaian kepada isu hasil dan alam sekitar di seluruh dunia. Walau bagaimanapun, rhizobakteria tahan masin berbilang strain mempunyai jangka hayat singkat disebabkan struktur dan komponen selnya, oleh itu, ia memerlukan tambahan bahan pembawa cecair yang berfungsi sebagai perlindungan dan sumber tenaga demi kelangsungan hidup yang lebih lama. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk membangunkan formulasi baja bio cecair daripada PGPR tahan masin pelbagai strain - UPMR, UPMRE6 dan campuran UPMRB9 dan UPMRE6 menggunakan jumlah optimum pelindung sel, iaitu gliserol (5 mM), trehalosa (10 mM) dan polivinil pirolidon (PVP) pada kadar 1%. Jangka hayat dinilai melalui pengukuran ketumpatan optik dan biojisim bakteria untuk menentukan populasi bakteria dan trend pertumbuhan pada sela bulan. Selepas tiga bulan inkubasi, ketumpatan optik adalah yang tertinggi dalam rawatan strain campuran ditambah dengan trehalosa dengan peningkatan masing-masing sebanyak 1.3% dan 2.2% berbanding UPMRE6 dan UPMRB9 menggunakan pelindung sel yang sama. Begitu juga pengeluaran biojisim bakteria adalah yang tertinggi dalam rawatan strain campuran yang dipinda dengan trehalosa (0.025 g/mL) dengan kenaikan masing-masing 13.64% dan 38.89% diikuti oleh UPMRE6 dan UPMRB9. Tanpa mengira jenis pelindung yang digunakan dan jenis PGPR, ketumpatan optik dan biojisim bakteria secara amnya mengurangkan tempoh inkubasi yang panjang. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan trehalosa 10 mM berpotensi untuk memanjangkan jangka hayat bakteria dengan kehilangan sel yang sedikit.

Kata kunci: Aditif; formulasi biologi; jangka hayat; kemasinan; rhizobakteria penggalak pertumbuhan tumbuhan

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*Corresponding author; email: tkz@upm.edu.my